Linux

Directory and File Navigation

• cd <directory> Change to the specified directory.

  • Example: cd /home/user/documents

• ls [options] List the contents of the current or specified directory.

  • Common Options:

    • -l : Long format listing

    • -a : Show hidden files

  • Example: ls -la

File Viewing

• less <file> View the contents of a file one screen at a time.

  • Navigation:

    • Space : Scroll forward

    • b : Scroll backward

    • q : Quit

Pattern Searching

• grep <pattern> <file> Search for lines matching a specific pattern in a file.

  • Common Options:

    • -i : Case-insensitive search

    • -r : Recursively search in directories

    • -n : Show line numbers of matches

  • Example: grep -i "error" logfile.txt

File and Directory Search

• find <path> [criteria] Search for files and directories based on criteria.

  • Common Criteria:

    • -name <name> : Search by name (case-sensitive)

    • -iname <name> : Search by name (case-insensitive)

    • -size <size> : Search by file size (e.g., +1M for files > 1MB)

    • -type <type> : Search by type (f for files, d for directories)

    • -mtime <days> : Search by modification time

  • Example: find /home/user -name "*.txt"